His resignation was at first not accepted. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. Quite the opposite. Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. 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In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. Likewise, Henry became understandably angry at the papacys refusal to repudiate Charles. She began to write for the. It was the king who had paid for Reginalds education at Oxford and later in Italy, where his noble connections gave him the entre into the smartest humanist circles. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . He died on 8 August 1420. Was she, at this point or that, doing nothing of interest at all or was she doing everything, in a way that was almost supernaturally discreet? When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. geralmente . It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. . It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Was More surprised by this speech? Her daughter Ursula married the Duke of Buckingham's son, Henry Stafford, but after the Duke's fall, the couple were given only fragments of his estates. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. As the heir to the throne, Mary enjoyed a separate household, and in 1525 she was sent to Ludlow to hold court. The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. But he could not recognize the kings authority as head of the new church of England. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. Henry VII paid for Richard's funeral. England became an embattled nation. Towards the block I shall not go! [2] His heir was his son Thomas. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. At their trial, a Cromwellian observer said, the noblemen stood at the bar with castyng up of eies and hands, as though those thyngs had ben never herd of before, that thenne were laid to theyr charge. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. As a young king, he was named Defender of the Faith by the pope for defending the church against Protestant heresy; his Lord Chancellor was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Pole, Reginald (1500-58). Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. And the king did not force the issue. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. It was his great popularity that saved him. by Susan Higginbotham. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. . It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. Margaret remained in the Tower of London for more than two years. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. In May 1539 Henry, Margaret, Exeter and others were attainted, as Margaret's father had been. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. Anne was the anointed queen. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. Her father was Shakespeares false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, who died in the Tower of London at the age of 29, attainted for treason and supposedly drowned in a butt of malmsey. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. I am no traitor, no, not I! It was children who caused him a problem. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. He later studied at . That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. She was cousin to Henry VIII's mother, and well trusted by the king for years. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Together, they had five children, but she was widowed in 1505. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. More would stand trial for his life. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . London, WC1A 2HN Abstract. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. Gender: Male. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. It was More's execution - far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole - which established the king's reputation for capricious cruelty. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. In January 1539 Geoffrey was pardoned, but Margaret's son, Henry, Baron Montagu (and cousin Exeter), were later executed for treason after trial. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Put a different hood on her, and she could be a man one of her own Plantagenet relations. London Review of Books When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. Did she plot against the crown? Please include name, address and a telephone number. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. Where is Hans Holbein when you need him? It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. Because she was a girl Margaret did not represent the same threat. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. Joan, wife of John Langton. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. Not only did this mean that Margaret came of royal stock, but it meant that she came from the family that was historically opposed to the reign of the Tudors, a fact that would affect her throughout her life. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. Read More. Whatever her private feelings at this point, in public she was pragmatic and circumspect. The king financed Richards funeral. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. 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