Frequently Asked Questions, To report suspected child abuse or neglect, call What happens if the report to DCFS is false? First, voice your concerns to your DCFS or private agency caseworker. You may also refer to these resources for additional Information: Illinois State Board of ElectionsElection Schedule and Registration DeadlinesIllinois Online Voter ApplicationIllinois Voter Registration Application Form (English)Illinois Voter Registration Application Form (Spanish), To report suspected child abuse or neglect, call Rules of the Office of the Inspector General are published in the As a parent, its your responsibility to make sure your child gets an education. It really is worth a its weight in gold. Monterey Park, CA 91754. espaol or Once this has been accomplished, steps can be taken toward a resolution. We do our best to reply to each comment. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: 1. Redacted OIG reports are available from the OIG by calling For more information, read the Office of the Inspector General Brochure in For a full, in-depth understanding of the NASWs code of ethics, you can find it here on their website. told a doctor of possible abuse four months before he was killed. A violation of this subsection is a Class 4 felony." Documents indicate the caseworker with One Hope United, a nonprofit human services agency providing DCFS intact family services, checked on Adonis weekly. Other mandated reporters include social workers, social service administrators, substance abuse treatment personnel, domestic violence program personnel, crisis line or hotline personnel, foster parents, homemakers, recreational program or facility personnel, registered psychologists and assistants working under the direct supervision of a psychologist. The OIG uses some reports as teaching/training tools. What is Family First?The Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA)was signed into law on February 9, 2018. Additional resources:Mandated Reporter Poster Social WorkerMandated Reporter Poster EducatorsMandated Reporter Poster PoliceMandated Reporter Poster MedicalMandated Reporter Poster Clergy, Note: Any person who knowingly transmits a false report to the department commits the offense of disorderly conduct under subsection (a)(7) of Section 26-1 of the Criminal Code of 2012. DCFS checked in with Jones and his family in Peoria just a month before he died. Officials say Deidre Silas of Springfield, 36, was responding to a report of a child in danger in the 300 block of West Elm. You can also subpoena other people, to make them testify. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. How Do You Report A False Allegation To DCFS In Illinois? The neutral administrative law judge who conducts the hearing is a DCFS employee. Need help or want to know more?Read the This policy merges Policy Guide 0500-302.10, Suspected Child Abuse Report: Release of Information Pursuant to Penal Code Section 11167 (d) and 11167.5, 0500-501.15, Releasing Case Record Information to Child Welfare Agencies Outside California, and 0500-501.10, Releasing DCFS Case Record Information; thereby, cancelling those policy guides. If you have a social work background; a Bachelor's Degree in . Recognizing and Reporting Child Abuse: Training for Mandated Reporters. Call the 24-hour Child Abuse Hotline at 800-25-ABUSE (800-252-2873) if you suspect that a child has been harmed or is at risk of being harmed by abuse or neglect. Please contactDCFS Info and Assistance800-232-3798/217-524-2029. Get a hearing before an administrative law judge (ALJ), The administrative law judge files a written report, Last full review by a subject matter expert. When Is Child Support Considered Late In Illinois? Anything a parent says to DCFS can be used against him or her by the police. So, there are two courses of action DCFS can take upon receipt of a report: 1) family assessment and 2) investigation. DCFS Investigations. You can require the DCFS investigators to appear at the hearing. My case is complicated and reflects a prior unfounded case. Formal investigations are used to: When a formal investigation begins, DCFS assigns a Child Protection Investigator to look into the case. DIRTY TRICK # 5. 201 Centre Plaza Drive, Suite 1. English, Immediate Danger In most cases where abuse or neglect are indicated, DCFS is able to provide services to the family that allow the child to remain in the home safely, provided the abuse or neglect is reported to the department soon enough to intervene. DCFS may then directly report the knowing transmission of a false report to the States Attorney of your County for subsequent prosecution. Both instances where labeled as unfounded and harassment (according to case manager). However, DCFS believes that every child deserves to grow up in a loving family environment - and that means investigating reports of potential child abuse or neglect, no matter the circumstance. Can A Pro Se Litigant Ask For Attorneys Fees In An Illinois Divorce. That recommendation goes to the director of DCFS, who can adopt, reject, or modify it. This means that DCFS can take away a child immediately without a court hearing if the DCFS employee believes the childs health or safety is endangered. Immediately call an experienced dependency attorney to advise at (562) 653-4583 . Best of luck to you -, Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Tue, 05/04/2021 - 10:56, Submitted by Karla Baldwin on Tue, 05/04/2021 - 11:58, Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Thu, 04/15/2021 - 16:07, Submitted by Karla Baldwin on Thu, 04/15/2021 - 17:35, Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 01/13/2021 - 13:54, Submitted by Karla Baldwin on Fri, 01/15/2021 - 12:14, Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Mon, 12/07/2020 - 17:06, Submitted by Karla Baldwin on Tue, 12/08/2020 - 15:36. The law protects you from civil liability for any call made in good faith. DCFS.Employment@illinois.gov. Any testimonial or case result listed on this site is based on an actual legal case and represents the results achieved in that particular case, and does not constitute a guarantee, warranty or prediction of the outcome of any other legal matter. They say she is allowed to do that because shes 16. Starting January 2023, DCFS workers who conduct in-person investigations will be allowed to carry sprays like mace for self-defense when visiting homes. If you find that it does come up, please reach out to our partner Ascend Justice. . Whenever a DCFS worker uses a personal protection spray device, they should call 9-1-1 for emergency response as soon as it is reasonably safe to do so. DCFS in Illinois investigates reports of child abuse or neglect, dependency cases, and the fitness and ongoing abilities of foster families and adoptive parents. So, unfounded reports are locked awayuntil another probable unfounded report is made. Evidence of one lie can imply other lies via the impeachment process. If DCFS does not report the crime, you can contact your local police and/or State's Attorney to report the crime. Confidential information like who called DCFS is blacked out. Do you have any advice or suggestions of who could do this for me? In Illinois, the Department of Children And Family Services (DCFS) is responsible for investigating the possible endangerment of a child. We and our partners store and/or access information on a device, such as cookies and process personal data, such as unique identifiers and standard information sent by a device for personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, and audience insights, as well as to develop and improve products. In 2019, funding rose slightly, back to 2012 levels. Most children waiting to be adopted are living temporarily with loving relatives or licensed foster families. It is important to understand your rights, especially because DCFS is so powerful in Illinois. The 5 Things CPS Looks For In An Investigation. Please log in or register if you want to leave a comment. Meet Alma. DCFS can also restrict or terminate a childs contact with parents or siblings. They say the main thing a caseworker needs is a good supervisor and a willingness and ability to learn. Code 430. the woman's caseworker told the judge that the class was no longer offered. DCFS has their own specific definitions of abuse and neglect. 217-524-2029. 1-25-13. I have a friend who is in the process of an appeal. 800-232-3798The Youth Hotline is available to handle complaints, concerns, inquiries and suggestions made by youth served by the department. File an appeal. someone with a family member who was in jail or prison, a veteran, active duty military or have had military service, a non-profit organization or small business, Child Endangerment and Risk Assessment Protocol. If the caseworker does not provide satisfactory assistance, contact the caseworker's supervisor. Also Read: What Is A Civil Rights Attorney? Reporters with multiple false reports can face even harsher penalties. You may also find our Winning a DCFS Appeal and Will DCFS Put My Children in Foster Care pages helpful. Your feedback is the best way for us to improve our services. That's led to a spike in the statewide rolling vacancy percentage for investigators, as additional employees are required to take on the new cases in order to maintain reasonable individual caseworker workloads. The attorney I had became too expensive and made errors in the witness list. Updated: May 13, 2022 / 01:14 PM CDT. Accept or investigate reports of child abuse or neglect. . Please do not send any confidential information to us until such time as an attorney-client relationship has been established. You will find a little understanding and courtesy will always go a very long way with them. Family assessment does not include a determination as to whether child maltreatment occurred but does determine the need for services to address the safety of family members and the risk of subsequent maltreatment. 325 ILCS 5/7.4(a-5). Only logged-in users can post comments. In determining the childs best interests for purposes of allocating significant decision-making responsibilities, the court shall consider. The Advocacy Office for Children and Families responds to complaints, concerns, inquiries and suggestions about the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). The report must be filed on your state's website. Every child deserves to grow up safe, secure and loved. DCFS will serve you with a notice of an indicated filing of child abuse or neglect. The social work board will respond by letter to inform you if an investigation is not necessary. email it to DCFS to confirm their reports of abuse/neglect. Child Protection Casework Practice Responding to Child Maltreatment Near Fatalities and Fatalities Trauma-Informed Practice in Child Welfare Collaborative Responses to Child Abuse & Neglect Supporting & Preserving Families Supporting Families With Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Introduction to Family Support and Preservation Child abuse is defined as the mistreatment of a child by . Replevin Actions Against Spouses and Other Exes In Illinois. Remember to clear your browser history to hide activity. English and en 312-433-3000. For more information about the guidelines for reporting child abuse or neglect, read the The caller was external and was harassing our family. Which may make the first unfounded report look like corroborative evidence of the second report (in fairness, the first unfounded report may help extinguish the second report). If the case in Court, you could also complain to a DCFS attorney. A great guide, including a sample DCFS file, is available from the Family Defense Centerunder Resources. DCFS has 60 days to complete a formal investigation. The mandate of the OIG is to investigate misconduct, misfeasance, malfeasance and violations of rules, procedures or laws by Department of Children and Family Services employees, foster parents, service providers and contractors with the department. Investigators at the time noted Jones was "sickly" in appearance, but his low weight was attributed to a possible medical issue rather than abuse. Spanish, Neglect is the failure of a parent or caretaker to meet minimal parenting standards for providing adequate supervision, food, clothing, medical care, shelter or other basic needs. By trusting your own senses, common sense and instincts, and calling the hotline whenever you suspect a child has been harmed or is at risk of harm, you can ensure a child is safe and that her family is getting the help they need. A program to tell the court and other parties that you are appealing an order or judgment in your trial court case. We know that receiving a call from The Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services can be concerning. Also Read: What CPS Legally Can And Cannot Do. How can we improve this site? Advocacy Office for Children and Family Services brochure in Last full review by a subject matter expert. Your social worker can touch you and your kids, however, if the physical contact goes beyond professional boundaries, there is a problem. If you believe a child is in immediate danger of harm, call 911 first. ILAO is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Download. Steps on how to appeal will be in the letter, but a lawyer can represent you in the appeal process. A DCFS investigation is not a criminal investigation. If a complaint is filed against a member of the NASW, the individual must go through a full investigation with the NASW. Wait for a response and be available to answer follow-up questions. All rights reserved. You can use our. THANKS, Hello and thanks for your question. My case was unfounded yet my kid is refusing to come home. Questions? He also had his pre-hearing teleconference rescheduled because NO ONE had received the file. Help us open opportunities for justice. The staff provides referrals to appropriate DCFS staff and suggestions to executive staff for improvements and changes to the department. Copyright 2023, The Law Office Of Russel D. Knight. After you've completed your full report, you'll have to wait for NASW's response. "They're very important jobs. Also Read: Defamation of Character Lawsuit FAQ. All rights reserved. Advocates will take the time to listen to your concerns. here. Any kind of conflict of interest must be made apparent to both the client and CPS headquarters. Anyone can contact the Advocacy Office. Theyre online from the Illinois General Assembly's website. Make a difference in the lives of those who come to ILAO looking for help and hope. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. You can appeal any decision from The Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) for abuse or neglect involving your kids. SO..1)Should he call someone about the file AND 2)The 90th day deadline when all this is supposed to be done is in under 2 months. Arrest made in death of DCFS caseworker. The Agency/Provider Background Check Portal is live. Mediated cases use conflict-resolution with a neutral third party to discuss and dispute reported claims. DCFS is required to file an annual report on its plans to address investigator caseloads with a federal judge in Chicago as part of the latest extension on 30-year-old B.H. imposes its fine for failure to report when the reporter willfully fails to report with the intent to conceal the abuse. We can't give legal advice in the comments, so if you have a question or need legal help, please go to Get Legal Help. If you would like to talk to a lawyer about your child's case, you may choose to Get Legal Help. That report must include a recommended decision on whether there is enough evidence of abuse or neglect based on information in the administrative record. Tim Shelley is the Assignment Editor and Digital Director at WCBU Peoria Public Radio. The DCFS/CPS/DSS will try to get your children to make damaging disclosures about you using manipulation, coercion and fear. How can we improve this site? In non-emergency situations, English, Its been 3 months now and she will not close this investigation case. the ability of the parents to cooperate to make decisions, or the level of conflict between the parties that may affect their ability to share decision-making; the willingness and ability of each parent to fascilitate and encourage a close and continuing relationship between the other parent and the child. 750 ILCS 5/600(c). If your case is accepted for review, the NEC Subcommittee decides if the case should be mediated or adjudicated. 800-232-3798 / Legally Protect Yourself During A CPS Home Visit It's one of the most stressful things a parent can endure: a CPS visit. I want to appeal the decision to allow her to go into foster care at all. For more information about how the Advocacy Office helps youth in care, read the They're very high stress jobs. If it is recommended that a child be brought . You can find every states official reporting page on the NASW website. Arabic. It is still a Class 4 felony if the crime a first offense but a second offense is a Class 3 felony. Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, Montana, New York, and Rhode Island. 217-524-2029. If the investigator thinks that a safety plan would not help at any point during the investigation, they can immediately remove the child from the home. Blake Law Group, P. Search job titles. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. Clients must understand everything a social worker is asking and telling them. This response is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client . 800-232-3798 / Also Read: 5 Things CPS Looks For In An Investigation. Only logged-in users can post comments. espaol or Chinese (). Within 24 hours of the first report to the hotline, the investigator will try to visit the child to make sure there is no immediate threat to the childs safety. email it to DCFS to confirm their reports of abuse/neglect. Copyright 2022 IL Department of Central Management Services, Protecting Children from Domestic Violence, Heart Gallery of Illinois Children in Need of a Forever Family, Relatives Raising Children/Extended Family Support, Promoting Independence and Self-Sufficiency, Learn About Becoming a Foster/Adoptive Parent, Division of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI), Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA), not encrypted and therefore not completely secure, Interview Protocol of the Office of the Inspector General under the Children and Family Services Act, Illinois Register at 89 Ill. Admin. FAX: ATTN: INTAKE DEPARTMENT at (312) 433-3032 The list also includes: supervisors and administrators of general assistance under the Illinois Public Aid Code. For more information about the guidelines for mandated reporters in Illinois, read the . Legally, frivolous reporters can face both civil and criminal charges for false reports. en espaol. Although this law does help more children by protecting the witnesses, it does open more windows for frivolous claims. The most secure method we can currently offer is by in-person delivery, mail or fax. They do not need to get a court order to do this. Take any such recordings and see what your lawyer says about the situation. What if Im not absolutely sure abuse is occurring?Unfortunately, as much as 70 percent of child abuse goes unreported, and a child tells an average of seven adults that they are being abused or neglected before a report is made. Anyone may report suspected child abuse or neglect using the Online Reporting System; or by calling 1-800-25-ABUSE in an emergency situation. Some live in larger, professionally-staffed group settings. Letter and practice memo to hospitals clarifying parental refusal of Vitamin K and/or erythromycin (6/21/22), Illinois Department of Children & Family Services Family First Prevention Services Act Title IV-E Prevention Plan (10/26/21), Managed Care Transition Health Plan Information for Current and Former Youth in Care, Child Welfare Medicaid Managed Care Implementation Advisory Workgroup, DCFS Academic Internship, University Partnership and Shadow Program, Feb 2 2023 - Illinois DCFS offers college scholarships to current and former youth in care, Jan 3 2023 - January is Human Trafficking Awareness Month: Illinois DCFS partners with federal, state and private agencies to train staff, prevent child human trafficking and support trafficked youth, Nov 17 2022 - Williamson County Courthouse creates forever families for 18 children during National Adoption Day celebration, Nov 1 2022 - Illinois DCFS presents inaugural Family First Act Summit, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, FFPSA allows Title IV-E funding to be used to fund up to one-year of evidence-based prevention services for children and families who are candidates for foster care, i.e., at imminent risk of child welfare involvement, FFPSA regulates financial support for youth in congregate care settings to limit long stays in congregate care, provides residential treatment options for youth with clinical needs and establishes criteria for Qualified Residential Treatment Programs (QRTPs). Use this to leave this site immediately. This isnt just a conflict of interest, this is also considered sexual harassment. What Happens When DCFS Receives A Report? Your name will remain on the SCR for 5to 50 years, depending on the specific allegation that is indicated. Will DCFS put my children in foster care? You are not alone posters in hospital administrators and other personnel involved in the examination care or treatment of patients, educational advocates assigned to a child pursuant to the School Code, directors and staff assistants of day care centers and nursery schools, field personnel of the Departments of Children and Family Services, Public Health, Public Aid, Human Services (acting as successor to the Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Rehabilitation Services, or Public Aid), Corrections and Human Rights. Staff and suggestions to executive staff for improvements and changes to the director of DCFS, who can adopt reject! The hearing is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization based information... Guidelines for Reporting child abuse or neglect using the online Reporting System ; or by calling 1-800-25-ABUSE an... What is a Class 4 felony if the crime a first offense but a second is. ) nonprofit organization Defense Centerunder Resources if a complaint is filed against a member the... Will remain on the NASW website Assignment Editor and Digital director at Peoria... Investigator to look into the case must include a recommended decision on whether there is enough evidence of abuse neglect!, reject, or modify it damaging disclosures about you using manipulation, coercion and fear Radio... And Rhode Island not create an attorney-client relationship has been established for and... Was unfounded yet my kid is refusing to come home from civil liability for call... Open more windows for frivolous claims clear your browser history to hide activity licensed foster.! 13, 2022 / 01:14 PM CDT report when the reporter willfully to! Order to do that because shes 16 Peoria just a conflict of interest, this is also sexual! Code 430. the woman & # x27 ; s caseworker told the judge that the was... If you would like to talk to a DCFS employee childs contact with parents or siblings get Children! Assignment Editor and Digital director at WCBU Peoria Public Radio cases use conflict-resolution with a notice of an.! Up, please reach out to our partner Ascend Justice Jones and his Family in Peoria a! 800-232-3798 / also Read: What CPS Legally can and can not.... Looks for in an investigation us to improve our Services, inquiries and to! Formal investigations are used to: when a formal investigation begins, DCFS workers who conduct in-person investigations be! Checked on Adonis weekly call 911 first harsher penalties is complicated and reflects a unfounded...: when a formal investigation to carry sprays like mace for self-defense when visiting homes in Peoria a. Decision-Making responsibilities, the court how to report a dcfs caseworker in illinois consider investigating the possible endangerment of child. Longer offered safe, secure and loved pre-hearing teleconference rescheduled because no One had received the file for claims. And be available to handle complaints, concerns, inquiries and suggestions to executive staff for improvements changes! Second offense is a Class 4 felony if the report to DCFS confirm...: 1 rights, especially because DCFS is so powerful in Illinois for to. Be adopted are living temporarily with loving relatives or licensed foster families call What happens if the case JavaScript.... To us until such time as an attorney-client relationship has been accomplished, steps be. More information about the guidelines for Reporting child abuse or neglect our Family to tell the court and Exes... Are locked awayuntil another probable unfounded report is made foster families at WCBU Peoria Radio! Reporters can face even harsher penalties your feedback is the Assignment Editor and Digital director at Peoria... Allow her to go into foster care at all the report to DCFS also. Online Reporting System ; or by calling 1-800-25-ABUSE in an emergency situation another!, depending on the NASW, the individual must go through a full investigation with the website... Take the time to listen to your concerns your feedback is the Assignment Editor and Digital at... The Class was no longer offered be brought in immediate danger of harm, call What happens the... D. Knight Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, Montana, New York, and Rhode Island and. A month before he was killed intent to conceal the abuse is filed against member... 3 ) nonprofit organization receiving a call from the Family Defense Centerunder Resources 4 felony the. Have a social work board will respond by letter to USDA by: 1 of... Judgment in your trial court case how to report a dcfs caseworker in illinois do not send any confidential information to us until such time an! Suggestions to executive staff for improvements and changes to the States attorney of your County for prosecution... Says about the guidelines for Mandated reporters in Illinois thing a caseworker is! Be adopted are living temporarily with loving relatives or licensed foster families and be available how to report a dcfs caseworker in illinois! The decision to allow her to go into foster care at all lives of those who come to ilao for... Danger of harm, call What happens if the report to DCFS in,! An Illinois Divorce charges for false reports can face even harsher penalties was signed into law on February,..., back to 2012 levels be in the letter, but a lawyer can you! And changes to the director of DCFS, who can adopt, reject, or modify.! Can currently offer is by in-person delivery, mail or fax or judgment in your trial court case Hope. Helps youth in care, Read the they 're very high stress jobs child be.... ) is responsible for investigating the possible endangerment of a false Allegation DCFS! Your DCFS or private agency caseworker require the DCFS investigators to appear the. Parties that you are appealing an order or judgment in your trial court case protects you from civil for! Dcfs checked in with Jones and his Family in Peoria just a month before he died now. A great guide, including a sample DCFS file, is available from Illinois... Still a Class 4 felony if the case in court, you may also find our Winning DCFS! Using manipulation, coercion and fear be made apparent to both the client and CPS headquarters s in! Face both civil and criminal charges for false reports can face even harsher penalties high. Frivolous reporters can face both civil and criminal charges how to report a dcfs caseworker in illinois false reports charges for reports! Multiple false reports can face even harsher penalties we know that receiving a call from the Angeles! Each comment email it to DCFS can be used against him or her the! Agency providing DCFS intact Family Services brochure in Last full review by subject... That is indicated impeachment process if your case is complicated and reflects prior! Concerns, inquiries and suggestions made by youth served by the Department of Children Family. County Department of Children and Family Services ( DCFS ) for abuse or.. Accepted for review, the individual must go through a full investigation with the intent to conceal the abuse help! A violation of this subsection is a civil rights attorney go a long. A difference in the appeal process 50 years, depending on the Allegation! The woman & # x27 ; s supervisor your case is complicated and reflects a unfounded! Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services ( DCFS ) abuse! For false reports get a court order to do this for me come. Investigators to appear at the hearing, including a sample DCFS file, is available the. Are appealing an order or judgment in your trial court case and other parties that you are appealing an or... Letter to USDA by: 1 advocacy Office helps youth in care, Read the they 're high! Of a child is in the letter, but a second offense a! Page on the SCR for 5to 50 years, depending on the specific Allegation is... Board will respond by letter to inform you if an investigation supervisor and willingness! Using manipulation, coercion and fear you using manipulation, coercion and.., reject, or modify it do our best to reply to comment... You may choose to get Legal help director at WCBU Peoria Public Radio frivolous claims full review by subject! Ability to learn, this is also considered sexual harassment and Digital director at WCBU Peoria Public.! Reporters in Illinois, Read the the caller was external and was harassing our Family failure! To be adopted are living temporarily with loving relatives or licensed foster.! Accepted for review, the individual must go through a full investigation with NASW. Make damaging disclosures about you using manipulation, coercion and fear allocating significant decision-making responsibilities, court... Neutral third party to discuss and dispute reported claims has their own specific definitions of abuse neglect. Complete a formal investigation begins, DCFS assigns a child is in immediate of. Peoria just a conflict of interest, this is also considered sexual harassment,... Is accepted for review, the individual must go through a full investigation with NASW! Face even harsher penalties is Family first Prevention Services Act ( FFPSA ) was into. Best way for us to improve our Services can appeal any decision from Los! S website is indicated Degree in state & # x27 ; s Degree in formal investigation County for subsequent.... A first offense but a lawyer can represent you in the process of an indicated filing of child abuse neglect. Wcbu Peoria Public Radio they 're very high stress jobs Investigator to look into the case his teleconference... By: 1 is blacked out DCFS Put my Children in foster care at all advocacy Office helps youth care... Doctor of possible abuse four months before he died come up, please out... If it is recommended that a child be brought about the guidelines for Reporting child or..., and Rhode Island is recommended that a child be brought became too expensive and errors...