"Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. Lucy and Young had seven children together. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) As stated, Sydney Rigdon believed he was the next prophet. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "John D. Lee Arrested". A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. [6] At age twelve, he moved with his parents to the township of Genoa, close to Cayuga Lake. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. His father was a revolutionary war veteran. . He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. Buchanan later pardoned Young. In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. [22] During the visit, Brigham spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the "Adamic language". [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. He also provisioned the building of the Endowment House, a "temporary temple" which began to be used in 1855 to provide temple ordinances to church members while the Salt Lake Temple was under construction. Joseph! After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. 1,204,523 People also liked Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. On. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . Conditions Governing Access. "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. [37] He became the oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when David Patten died after the Battle of Crooked River. Oct 2019 - Apr 20211 year 7 months. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. "[104] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[104] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. He also worked on the Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. You must not meddle with them. Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, for the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. From the time Spencer Cox announced his run for governor, he made it clear he was running with his wife. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads and bridges, forts, irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos[88] and after a series of wars eventually made peace with the Native Americans. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. [177] Thirty-one of his wives were not connubial and had exchanged eternity-only vows with him and he had children by sixteen of his wives. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. . GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. FactSnippet No. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. . [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. [175] The policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for many in the church to accept. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. [10] They first resided in a small house adjacent to a pail factory, which was Young's main place of employment at the time. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. Dates. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust which had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. If only they wanted it. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. [18] A few days after the massacre, September 29, 1857, Lee briefed Young in Salt Lake City. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. The status of four was unknown. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only," meaning that Young was sealed to these women as a proxy for their previous husbands who had passed away. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. [87] During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. Joe . [14], By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left the Reformed Methodist church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ. Provo, Utah Area. [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. 1940 Creator. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone.